Xojo 2017r3 Xojo (was Real Studio) is a cross-platform software development tool that enables developers of all backgrounds to create software for OS X, Windows, Linux, the Web, and soon, mobile. With users all over the world, Xojo apps can be found in every conceivable category - from commercial software applications to use in governments. Download Xojo 2019r1.1. Create your own apps, like commercial or in house apps, games, utilities and more with Xojo! This object-oriented cross-platform development tool enables ordinary people to.
I can build for development but not for distribution. The error message is in a Xojo dialog (and it's not one that I've seen before) but it seems to be reporting a result from Xcode. The key bit seems to be this part:
Error Domain=IDEProvisioningErrorDomain Code=9 'MyApp.app' requires a provisioning profile.'
So I went through the usual troubleshooting: I deleted my development and provisioning profiles from Keychain and from the Apple Developer Certificates, IDs & Profiles site, recreated everything, exported/imported into Keychain, refreshed everything in Xcode but still the error message remains.
Next I created a small app in Xcode itself, archived it and validated it for the App Store which added my distribution profile and signed the app without any issues.
So I'm stuck. Has anyone else had this with Xcode 9 / 2017r3?
Update:
So this is curious. If I create a blank Xojo iOS project and build it, I can build for the App Store without any errors. I've tried using all the same build settings as the project that won't build for the App Store but I can't 'break' a new, empty project.
There is an issue here with signing changes that Apple has yet again made.
Switching to Xcode 8 is a workaround for now.
Learn the foundations to using Xojo with SQLite - the universal, public domain and embedded database engine used for all kind of apps and solutions. No previous experience with database management needed. Once you have finished this tutorial, you’ll have the foundations to create your own multiplatform database apps and to better explore and understand the related Xojo classes.
In this tutorial, we will create a basic but functional database app to manage customers and invoices. Read each section and download the companion Xojo Project.
SQLite and Xojo are a great team for managing large amounts of information easily. Users of these Xojo apps don’t have to install any additional components or libraries. In addition, Xojo solutions using SQLite can be easily deployed to any of the supported platforms without the need of making changes in the base code (or with minimal changes).
What Xojo licenses support the use of SQLite in your products? Absolutely all of them: Xojo Lite, Desktop, Pro, Web, iOS, Pi and Enterprise!
A few reasons the SQLite a database engine so popular is:
Xojo + SQLite offers great flexibility:
In order to accomplish these operations, among others involved with database management, Xojo offers two classes to choose from depending of the target platform:
In both cases —and at the time this course has been published— Xojo uses the 3.20.1 (2017, August 24) version of the SQLite engine, while the officially latest available from the SQLite Website is the 3.22.0 (2018, January 22) version. Why this difference between the official and the supported SQLite library? The answer is that Xojo adds the most stable, tested and trustable SQLite release to the framework, avoiding some of the problems, backwards compatibility issues or bugs that may arise when adopting the latest available releases.
In addition, sharing the same database library (or engine) release also means that our apps will be 100% portable between all the supported platforms. Thus, the most important fact we have to remember is that, while we may not be using the latest available SQLite release, we will not be using a release far away either; and with the assurance that we will get the same behavior no matter that the solution will be running under macOS, Windows or Linux, for example.
Of course, Xojo also updates the implemented SQLite library nearly every new release. For example, when this course was published, we already knew that the Xojo 2018.1 release will support 256 bits ciphering, being significantly more strong in comparison with the 128 bits used until Xojo 2017r3 release.
Anyway, if you find yourself in a situation where you need additional features not included in the Xojo provided SQLite implementation, you can turn to any of the available third parties add-ons and components that expand the use of SQLite even more. For example, Monkeybread Software offers two Multiplatform plug-ins. The first of these is the MBS Xojo SQL Plugin; and the second one is MBS SQLite Extension, adding the following features over the ones you can find in the default SQLite implementation:
Independent of the SQLite implementation you decide to use, notice that all the database operations made on SQLite use the SQL language, in fact the SQL/92 and SQL/99 subset.
Unlike other database engines that offer a Client/Server architecture, SQLite was not developed from its inception to support several simultaneous accesses over a database file residing under a network server. However, you may be surprised to know that through the WAL (Write Ahead Logging) feature activation —also supported by Xojo— it is possible to provide this functionality if there are not too many simultaneous accesses, and the use from the clients (apps) is done not directly accessing the database file residing in a network server, but through an app, residing in the same server network that the database file. In fact, that it is better to act as an intermediate, communicating between the clients and the database file itself.
An example of this configuration can be a Web app created with Xojo that communicates with a SQLite database located in the same server, or any other Xojo app acting as a server to one (or more) SQLite databases.
You also can find third parties products able to serve SQLite database files from a server, as for example CubeSQL from SQLabs and Valentina Server from Valentina, among others.
A peculiarity to SQLite databases is that they don't necessarily need to be create or saved as files on physical storage; in fact, we can create them as in-memory databases. This gives us an idea about the kind of uses, the flexibility and performance you can get… if the hardware you use has enough memory to support them! (as probably is the case with the current available hardware).
You can also create and use this kind of in-memory databases in Xojo apps, with the advantage that you will find the features that enables the apps to dump, save or backup these in-memory databases to physical files.
What makes a SQLite database after all? As we have seen, it's no more than a regular file whose content represent one or more tables. At the same time, these tables are composed of a series of columns whose label or name (identification) and type are used to define their structure. Then, we will populate these columns, or some of them, through the creation of records (or rows) for the defined tables in our database file.
If you think about it, this representation doesn’t differ too much from the typical spreadsheet, while it is true that the database files have other aspects that separate them from this other kind of software. Anyway, it helps to visually understand the underlying basic structure of a SQLite database.In fact, it is through the table definition as we start to give structure to the database. For that, during the table definition it is mandatory to name or label for every column; once done that, we can start creating new records for the newly created table.
However, the same way we have at our disposal several kind of Types in Xojo that we can use in order to define our variables or labels, and that will be used both to identify and limit the kind of data we can assign to them, or in combination with other variables, properties and method parameters or events, SQLite also offers their own Types set, but with a main and very important difference:
Xojo is strict in the management of their Types. This means that, once you declare a variable, for example as Text, you will not be able to assign a different type to it, just other Text values or previously converted to Text values.
Under SQLite the Type declared in association with a column is just intentional. This is, when we create the SQLite database tables we can assign any of the supported types to the columns, but this will not impede to insert or update the columns of the records using values with completely different types to the expected or declared ones. However, when possible, the SQLite engine will try to implicitly convert the received value to the one declared for the column, but this behavior is not guaranteed at all!
Once we know this, we also have to notice that the available data Types are:
As you can see, SQLite lacks for example the Boolean type, while internally manages it as 1 or 0 for the columns defined as Integer, or as True and False for the columns defined as Text. In addition, Xojo provides the mechanism (as we will see in next sections) that allows us to expand, in certain way, the amount of types we can work with when dealing with SQLite databases, easing this way the retrieval and saving of data into the records with the expected results.
When it comes to the structure creation for a database, it is possible to add new tables to an already created database, delete any of the existing ones, and modifying any of the already defined tables in the database, but in this last case only by adding new columns and not deleting any of the previously defined columns.
As we have seen, we can create the SQLite database structure using any tool we want to, ranging from any of the existing commercial or free SQLite database Editors, or even using the command line from the Terminal or system prompt. However, the Xojo IDE includes its own database Editor, and this will be the one we will use in order to create our first SQLite database! For that, choose the Insert > Database > New SQLite Database… from the menu.
As result, we will get a Dialog to enter the name of the database file and select the path or folder to save it (for this tutorial we will save the file on the same folder that our Xojo Project). After confirmation, Xojo will present the Database Editor, adding the corresponding object reference as a Database Type —i.e.: an alias to the file on disk— to the Navigator (1), showed in the following screenshot. If we want, we can even change the name of the referenced object from the Inspector (A), but notice that we will be renaming the internal reference used by the Xojo code and not the name of the real file on disk:
The database files created and added to the Xojo project in this way will expect to always find the database file in the same absolute path. This means that, when deploying the apps using database files added in this way, we will have to be sure that the deployed SQLite file will be reachable using the same path (or location), and the final user has the proper read and write privileges to access the database file. |
The operations available in the Database Editor are not as complete as those found in the dedicated SQLite management apps, but they are good enough to put the main wires to our database in order to prototype our apps, or to define the structure of really simple SQLite database based apps. For these cases, we will be able to add new tables (2), new column definitions for the selected table (3), and apply the changes made on the Database (4); using the buttons found in the upper toolbar.
Don’t forget to apply the changes made after adding or modifying new tables or columns. It may seem something trivial, but the flexibility to change between the objects listed under the Navigator will result in losing the changes made to the database if they are not previously saved. |
As we add new columns (or fields) to the database, we’ll see that the Inspector Panel will bring a new range of options we can use to define the name of the column, the associated Type and other attributes. Let’s see what they mean and which of these make sense when used in combination with a SQLite database:
We can create the database schema (tables structure) adding the tables and columns as we have shown in the previous section, but this has two main downsides: it is slow and doesn't allow access to all of the flexibility of SQL.
The good news is that if we have enough SQL syntax knowledge, we can use the toolbar button to execute complex SQL sentences. This button will not be enabled until we have added and selected a Table.
However this is not a big issue, mainly because the newly added tables are not saved to the database until we expressly push the corresponding button. Thus, in order to create the same schema for our example database, we only need to add a new empty table (we don’t have to change its name either), clicking the SQL Statements button (5) after that, and writing the following sentence in the resulting Dialog box:Push the Execute button, close the dialog and you will see how the database will reflect the just created table, with the structure and column definitions as result of the operation. This requires less time in comparison to the same procedure using the Database Editor buttons combined with the Panel Inspector attributes.
Let’s take advantage of this feature again to create a second table. While the last table is still selected, use the SQL Statements button again and enter this sentence:
Execute the sentence and be sure that the database has the two tables: person and invoices. Once this is done, we will have finished our example database.Remember: while the integrated database editor is useful to define simple database or for prototyping, you’ll probably want to use specific tools or apps devoted to the creation, edition and management of more complex SQLite databases projects.
Nevertheless, the integrated Database Editor doesn’t offer options to add new records to the database. This is something we will take care of in the next section!
In this step we are going to create an internal reference to the SQLite database file created in the Database Editor. For that, select the App item in the Navigator and add a new property to it using the following values:
We will use this property to refer (and operate with) the database along all our application windows.
In order to assign and Connect to the database file, add the Open Event Handler to the App item from Insert > Event Handler… Once added, put the following snippet of code in the resulting Code Editor:
The most important thing here is the db.Connect line, in charge to 'connect' and open the database. If everything goes ok in the call to this method, then we will be able to start to do things like insert, update or delete records, create new tables… or any of the SQLite supported operations.
In order to see how we can work with our example database, we will go through an example app that will offer a set of basic features reflecting the database schema: we will be able to add new customers, new invoices and also access all the invoices for the currently selected customer, calculating the sum. The best part is that, along the way, we will learn how to use other methods from the SQLiteDatabase class, and other related database classes, with a minimum amount of code.
Layout the user interface for our example app as shown in the following screenshot. This is the same desktop example that we previously added to the SQLite database. Don't forget to name the highlighted controls via the Inspector Panel. The remaining controls will have their default names:
At this point, we have all the UI elements our app will use for the following operations:
Some interesting things about this fragment of code:
Once we update the App UI on every run, is time to implement the functionality that will let us to Add new records, Update or Delete them.
Let's start selecting the New Record button and adding the Action Event Handler to it. Instead of adding a new record to the database, the action from this button will simply reset the UI fields and other button status using the following code:In the first line of code we create a new instance of DatabaseRow, so we can use the associated variable to populate the columns we are interested in with the data entered by the user in the respective TextFields. Observe that, in order to add a new record in the database, we only need to call the AddRow method passing along the name of the database table ('person') and the database row instance.
Let’s see now how we can update a record. Select the UpdateButton button and add the Action event to it, writing the following code in the resulting Code Editor:
For updating, we simply retrieve a RowSet matching the record whose ID column is the same as the record we are showing in the UI (and displayed by the idLabel control). So here, we simply need to call the EditRow method before assigning new values to the columns we are interested in, and call then the SaveRow method to make that changes permanent on the database. That easy!
The last CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operation related to databases is the one in charge of deleting the current record. So, add a the Action Event Handler to the DeleteButton button and write the following code in the resulting Code Editor
As you can see in the two first lines of code, deleting the current record is as easy as retrieving it from the database (getting a RowSet matching the SQL query), and calling then the RemoveRow on the own RowSet.
However, when we delete the current record, we expect the UI to update displaying a new existing record from the database. It could be the previous one or the next one. In this case, we are retrieving the last one. After that we call our UpdateUI method, passing along the RowSet with the last record (if any). If there are no more records in the database, the we simply delete
Navigating between existing records mainly involves using the right SQL query on every case, using for that the same Database classes we did see previously.
Let's start adding the Action Event Handler to the FirstButton button, writing the following code in the resulting Code Editor:In this section we will add a second window to the project. This window will be in charge of adding new records to the Invoices table. It will also serve to show us how to relate values from two tables, because the new invoice records have to be paired to the id of an existing customer from the 'person' table.
Add a new window to the project. Next, set the Type property to Modal Dialog, and the Title property to New Invoice, both of them under the Frame section of the Inspector Panel. Change also the Name property to Invoice, under the ID section.
Next, layout the new window as showed in the following screenshot, leaving all the names for the control instances as their default values, except the ones highlighted in red.
The record insertion itself will be done via the code associated with the Action event added to the AddButton button:
We said that our new invoice has to be associated with an id from the current customer in the main window; so we have to assign that information to the Label control named lbCustomerID from the Invoice window. How we can do this? Really easily!
Again select the main window (Customers), choose the button labeled New Invoice and add the Action Event to it with the following code in the resulting Code Editor:
With the first line of code we will show the Invoice as a modal Window. Once active, we just need to assign the content from the Label control named lDLabel, from the main window, to the Label control named lbCustomerID.
Let’s add a third (and last) window to the project. This is the one in charge of listing all the invoices for the current customer, displaying every item in its own ListBox row, and providing the total accumulated amount at the end of this list.
Once the window has been added to the project, use the following settings in the Inspector:
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Next, layout the user interface as shown in the following screenshot, leaving all the controls' identifications with their default names, except for those highlighted in red color for the Label and the ListBox:
Add a new method to the window using the following signature:
Next, write the following fragment of code in the resulting Code Editor:
The first thing we can see is that we are assigning the value from the received parameter to the Label control named lbID. This is the one matching the ID of the current record from the Customers window.
The most interesting thing, however, is what we find in the next lines of code:
In first place we get a RowSet with all the records from the 'invoices' table whose 'customer' column matches the id we got from the displayed record in the Customers window.
Then, we iterate all the records in the 'For each row As DatabaseRow in rs' loop, adding their fields to both columns of the ListBox1 instance, accessing the record fields as we have seen in the previous section. Remember that AfterLastRow will be false if the RowSet is not pointing beyond the last row in the set.
We will take advantage of iterating the records to total the amount from every invoice, using for that the CDbl command that returns a Double type from a text String. Then, we simply show the total addition using the Format function for that.
We will want to update the displayed values in the case the user adds a new 'Invoice' to the same customer while this window is still open. To solve that, we will add a new Action Event Handler to the button labeled 'Update', and putting the following code in the resulting Code Editor:Finally, add the Action Event to the PushButton1 control and insert the following instruction in the corresponding Code Editor: self.Close.
We just need to select the main Customers Window, select the pbInvoicesListing, adding the Action Event to the button and putting the following code in the resulting Code Editor:
The first line of code will show the Invoices window and the second line of code will call the method we have created, previously passing as argument the ID for the current record.
Throughout this course we have reviewed the main foundations of SQLite database, their structure and the available Types for tables definition. We have seen how we can use the integrated Database Editor to create from scratch new, basic, SQLite databases and the way we can create and define their tables and their fields. Lastly, we have seen one simple way to create a functional database front-end or user interface able to Create, Insert, Modify and Delete records from the database.
We also have introduced the RowSet and DatabaseRow classes, and how we can access a Row columns using the available methods; and how we can execute complete queries using SQL sentences in order to retrieve a RowSet with the matching records in the database.
Take these quizzes to test your knowledge of SQLite basics with Xojo. Check your answers on the SQLite Basics Quiz Answers page.
Use this Quiz to check what you have learned about SQLite database foundations. Notice that the questions may have more than one right answer.
Question 1.1: Check all the right affirmations.
Question 1.2: Xojo always implements the latest available SQLite Library.
Question 1.3: Xojo supports multiple SQLite databases use.
Question 1.4: What Xojo Licenses offer support for SQLite?
Question 1.5: SQLite supports in-memory databases.
Question 1.6: Xojo supports saving an in-memory database to disk.
Question 1.7: What is the name of the Class (or Classes) in Xojo we can use to work with SQLite databases?
Question 1.8: Is it possible to place a SQLite database in a Server? Check all the right answers.
Question 1.9: What are the advantages of using the WAL feature on SQLite?
Question 1.10: Can we use RegEx (Regular Expressions) in the SQLite queries?
This quiz lets you check the knowledge acquired about SQLite databases structure. Notice that the questions may have more than one right answer.
Question 2.1: Does SQLite use strict Types checking for columns definition?
Question 2.2: A table definition consist fundamentally of…
Question 2.3: The SQLite data Types supported by SQLite are:
Question 2.4: Once a table has been created, we can…
Question 2.5: SQLite admits creating columns that will be empty during the database use.
Verify with this quiz the acquired knowledge about SQLite database creation using the integrated Database Editor. Notice that the questions may have more than one right answer.
Question 3.1: Xojo just supports adding already created SQLite databases to the project.
Question 3.2: Once we have created a new SQLite database using the integrated Database Editor, the path to the database file will be resolved at execution time; so we can rely on this for our products' deployment.
Question 3.3: Xojo automatically saves every change made using the integrated Database Editor, so we can rely on this.
Question 3.4: We can limit the field length for SQLite tables using the Length property.
Question 3.5: Index creation for a Table…
This quiz lets you verify the acquired knowledge about the RowSet associated to a database query. Notice that the questions may have more than one right answer.
Question 4.1: A RowSet is…
Question 4.2: How can we get a fresh RowSet?